Mediterranean monk seals return to Greece

Mediterranean Monk Seals Make Remarkable Recovery in Greek Waters

March 11, 2025

The Mediterranean monk seal, once on the brink of extinction, is now making a notable comeback in the waters of Greece, thanks to years of dedicated conservation efforts. This endangered marine mammal, whose numbers had dwindled to as few as 300 individuals in the 1970s, has seen its population grow steadily, giving hope to marine conservationists around the world.

A Species on the Brink

The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), known for its round face and large, dark eyes, was once found across the Mediterranean Sea, from the coastlines of Spain to the shores of Turkey. However, due to habitat destruction, human disturbance, and hunting, the seal's numbers plummeted, and by the mid-20th century, it was listed as one of the most endangered mammals on the planet.

Historically, the Mediterranean monk seal was an integral part of the marine ecosystem, playing a key role in maintaining the health of underwater environments. Unfortunately, its decline mirrored the increasing pressures faced by marine species across the Mediterranean, where pollution, overfishing, and coastal development have disrupted the natural balance.

Conservation Efforts That Brought Hope

Over the past few decades, however, significant strides have been made to reverse the seal’s decline. In Greece, the MOm (Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of Monk Seals) has been at the forefront of these efforts, implementing a combination of research, habitat protection, public awareness campaigns, and rehabilitation programs. One of the organization's most notable successes has been its work with orphaned pups, many of whom would have been lost to the wild without intervention.

"We have worked tirelessly for decades to ensure that the Mediterranean monk seal has a future here," says Dr. Sophia Papadopoulou, a marine biologist with MOm. "It's not just about saving a species; it's about ensuring the health of our marine ecosystems for future generations."

In addition to monitoring and protecting monk seal populations in Greece, MOm has led the charge in the rehabilitation of orphaned seal pups. These young seals, often found abandoned or injured, are brought to MOm’s specialized rehabilitation centers, where they receive medical care, nourishment, and the skills needed to survive in the wild.

One of the most famous success stories is that of Panagis, a young seal that was found stranded on a Greek beach two years ago. After receiving care at MOm’s rehabilitation center, Panagis was successfully released back into the wild and has since been spotted multiple times in the same area. His story is a testament to the power of rehabilitation and the importance of protecting marine life.

Growing Population and Expanding Habitat

As of 2025, the Mediterranean monk seal population has grown to over 700 individuals, with many of these seals found along Greece's rugged coastline and surrounding islands. This steady increase in population is largely attributed to the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) along the Mediterranean coastline, where seals are able to haul out, breed, and rest without the constant threat of human interference.

These MPAs also support the rich marine ecosystems that the seals rely on for food. The seals are primarily fish-eaters, relying on small fish, squid, and crustaceans, and their return signals the restoration of healthy fish stocks in the region.

“We are seeing signs of ecological recovery in places where monk seals have returned,” says Dr. Nikos Ziras, a marine ecologist working with MOm. “As the seals return to these areas, we see an increase in biodiversity. They are an indicator species, meaning that their recovery is a clear signal that the ecosystem is healing.”

Challenges and the Road Ahead

Despite these successes, the Mediterranean monk seal still faces challenges. Human-wildlife conflict, particularly in the form of illegal fishing nets and disturbances from tourism, remains a significant threat. Additionally, climate change poses an increasing risk, as rising sea temperatures and shifting fish populations could impact the seal’s food supply.

To address these challenges, MOm has continued its efforts to engage local communities in conservation, emphasizing the importance of sustainable fishing practices and responsible tourism. Public outreach campaigns have been successful in raising awareness about the seals and fostering a sense of local pride in their recovery.

“We need the continued support of local communities to ensure the long-term survival of the monk seal,” Dr. Papadopoulou adds. “By involving people in the conservation process, we are not only protecting the seals but also the entire marine environment they depend on.”

A Bright Future for the Mediterranean Monk Seal

The resurgence of the Mediterranean monk seal is a powerful reminder that with the right mix of science, community involvement, and long-term dedication, it is possible to save species on the brink of extinction. The story of this seal’s recovery offers hope to other marine species facing similar threats and shows that restoration is possible if we act now.

For the people of Greece, the return of the Mediterranean monk seal is a symbol of resilience—a living testament to what can be achieved when we prioritize the protection of our planet’s incredible biodiversity.

As Dr. Papadopoulou concludes, “The recovery of the Mediterranean monk seal is not just a success story for the species but for all of us. It shows that when we work together, we can make a real difference.”

News Highlights:

• Mediterranean monk seals reach a population of over 700 individuals in Greece, thanks to conservation efforts.

• MOm's rehabilitation of orphaned pups like Panagis exemplifies the success of marine mammal recovery programs.

• Marine Protected Areas and community involvement are key to the monk seal’s resurgence.